히스톤 변형. Epigenetics 중요 기작 가운데 하나. Histone의 PTM (주로 histone tail) 상태가 조직 및 상태에 따라 다르고, 이에 따라 인근 유전자 발현이 일어나거나 그렇지 않게 된다.

종류

• Histone acetylation to lysine
• Histone methylation to lysine me1, me2, m3, arginine me1, me2
• Histone phosphorylation to serine, threonine, tyrosine
• Histone ubiquitination to lysine
• Histone sumoylation to lysine
• Histone ADP ribosylation to glutamic
• Histone deimination
• Histone proline isomerization

Histone code

Readers, Writers and Erasers

• Readers have specific binding affinity for PTM, therefore read the epigenetic information encoded in the modified chromatin
• Writers set up modifications in specific patterns
• Erasers remove the PTM

기작

• cis: change steric or charge interaction, influencing chromatin structure
• trans: "reader" bind to specific histone modifications giving rise to functional consequences.

Cross-talk

• synergic effect
• competitive effect

Cross-talk example

• prerequisite of ubiquitination of H2BK123 for H3K4 methylation --> gene sliencing
• dependency of H2K4 methylation by sCOMPSS and H3K79 methylation by scDot1

관련 논문

• Covalent modifications of histones during development and disease pathogenesis

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