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The Wnt signaling pathways are a group of Cell signaling pathways made of proteins that pass signals from outside of a cell through cell surface receptors to the inside of the cell. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wnt_signaling_pathway)

Three Wnt signaling pathways have been characterized:

  1. canonical Wnt pathway: regulation of gene transcription
  2. noncanonical planar cell polarity pathway: regulates the cytoskeleton that is responsible for the shape of the cell
  3. noncanonical Wnt/calcium pathway regulates calcium inside the cell

All three Wnt signaling pathways are activated by the binding of a Wnt-protein ligand to a Frizzled family receptor, which passes the biological signal to the protein Dishevelled inside the cell.

Wnt signaling pathways use either nearby cell-cell communication (paracrine) or same-cell communication (autocrine). They are highly evolutionarily conserved in animals, which means they are similar across many species of animal from fruit flies to humans.

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