http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTPase

GTPases are a large family of hydrolase enzymes that can bind and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate (GTP). The GTP binding and hydrolysis takes place in the highly conserved G domain common to all GTPases.

GTPases play an important role in:

• Signal transduction at the intracellular domain of transmembrane receptors, including recognition of taste, smell and light.
• Protein biosynthesis (aka translation) at the ribosome.
• Control and differentiation during cell division.
• Translocation of proteins through membranes.
• Transport of vesicles within the cell. (GTPases control assembly of vesicle coats).

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