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Genome editing #
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A type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, replaced, or removed from a Genome using artificially engineered nucleases, or "molecular scissors." The nucleases create specific double-stranded break (DSBs) at desired locations in the genome, and harness the cell’s endogenous mechanisms to repair the induced break by natural processes of homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). There are currently four families of engineered nucleases being used: Zinc finger nucleases (ZFN), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALEN), the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and engineered meganuclease re-engineered homing endonucleases. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome_editing)

맞춤형 유전자가위를 이용한 유전체 교정 기술 역사 #

  1. 2003년에 제1세대: 징크 핑거 뉴클레이즈(Zinc finger nuclease)
  2. 2011년 말에 개선된 2세대: 탈렌 (TALEN, tranion activator-like effector nuclease)
  3. 2013년 초: RNA 유전자가위(RGEN, RNA-guided engeineered nucelase)

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